This is a chapter 2 summary of the book “Movement” by Gray Cook. Funky Muscles There are anatomically two basic types of muscles; shunt and spurt. Shunt muscles compress and produce structural integrity because the distal attachment is far from the moving joint. Spurt muscles produce movement because the distal attachment is close to the axis of rotation. While these two muscle types are present, they can vary depending on the function performed. For example, if we perform a movement in the closed chain, the spurt and shunt roles become reversed. Focusing on a single muscle group causes us to lack understanding of the supporting matrix behind superficial muscle action. Muscle function depends on body position and joint in action. We can see this point illustrated in Lombard’s paradox, which involves the coactivation of hamstrings and quadriceps when performing a sit to stand. These muscles are antagonistic to one another at their respective joints, yet movement is produced. The resultant effect is the quads and hamstrings becoming global stabilizers. Muscle activity is task specific, therefore Gray purports four types of muscles: 1) Global Stabilizers: Multi-joint muscles contracting to produce stability and static proprioceptive feedback. 2) Global Movers: Multi-joint muscles that produce movement and dynamic proprioceptive feedback. 3) Local Stabilizers: Deep segmental muscles (1-3 segments) that produce stability and static proprioceptive feedback. 4) Local Movers: Single joint muscle that produce movement and dynamic proprioception. These different muscle types require different training modalities. The example given is stabilizer muscles. These muscles cannot
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Movement Chapter 1: Introduction to Screening and Assessment
This is a chapter 1 summary of the book “Movement” by Gray Cook. Intro This chapter’s central point, and for that matter the whole book, is that movement needs to standardized just like all other therapeutic and performance measures. Movement is fundamental to who we are. Despite movement being at our center, we continually classify patients and clients by body region. Unfortunately through this reductionism, much is lost. We cannot measure parts and expect that to give us an adequate picture of the whole. Screening Before we begin training, it is advocated that movement be screened to facilitate an optimal training environment. The screen will determine movement as one of the following three areas: 1) Acceptable 2) Unacceptable 3) Painful Movement is screened for many reasons. Gray often states that the number one risk factor for injury is previous injury. A movement screen helps find potential risk factors for re-injury. Moreover, if movement is dysfunctional, then all things built on that dysfunction could predispose one to more risk. The screen also helps separate pain from movement dysfunction. It is widely known that when one undergoes a pain experience, motor control is altered. Because motor control is altered, we may not get the desired training effect secondary to pain. Pain screening gives us an avenue for further assessment a la the Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA). Movement screening is the first step away from quantitative analysis to movement quality; from reductionism to holism. Once we have a basic movement map we
Read MoreThe Sensitive Nervous System Chapter XIV: Management Strategies: Integration of Neurodynamics
This is a summary of chapter XIV of “The Sensitive Nervous System” by David Butler. The Big Picture Evidence Based Approach Here is the step by step patient care process that Butler advocates. 1) Identify red flags and manage accordingly. 2) Educate on the whole problem to include tissue health status, the nervous system’s role, and test results. 3) Provide prognosis and make realistic goals. 4) Promote self-care, control, and motivation. 5) Decrease unnecessary fear and manage catastrophization. 6) Get patients moving as early as possible. 7) Help patients identify success and sense of mastery of a problem. 8) Perform a skilled exam. 9) Acknowledge that biopsychosocial inputs combine with the nervous system to produce pain and disability. 10) Use any measures possible to reduce pain. 11) Minimize number of treatments and contacts with all medical personnel. 12) Chronic pain may need a multidisciplinary approach. 13) Manage physical function and dysfunction. 14) Assess and assist in improving general fitness. 15) Assess how injury affects creative outlets and assist the patient with regaining creativity and discovering new creative outlets. Incorporating Neurodynamics There are several ways to incorporate neurodynamics into the patient’s plan of care which will be outlined below. Reassessment. Explanation. Passive mobilization. Active mobilization. Posture and ergonomics. Reassessment There are many evaluation protocols that warrant constant reassessment after applying an intervention. Be it a comparable sign or audit, neurodynamic tests can be utilized well within these systems. A word of caution with instant reassessment, as quick changes could merely be
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